IMAKE(1) IMAKE(1)
NAME
imake - C preprocessor interface to the make utility
SYNOPSIS
imake [-Ddefine] [-Idir] [-Ttemplate] [-f filename] [-s filename] [-e] [-v]
DESCRIPTION
Imake is used to generate Makefiles from a template, a set of cpp macro
functions, and a per-directory input file called an Imakefile. This allows
machine dependencies (such has compiler options, alternate command names,
and special make rules) to be kept separate from the descriptions of the
various items to be built.
OPTIONS
The following command line options may be passed to imake:
-Ddefine
This option is passed directly to cpp. It is typically used to set
directory-specific variables. For example, the X Window System
uses this flag to set TOPDIR to the name of the directory contain-
ing the top of the core distribution and CURDIR to the name of the
current directory, relative to the top.
-Idirectory
This option is passed directly to cpp. It is typically used to
indicate the directory in which the imake template and configura-
tion files may be found.
-Ttemplate
This option specifies the name of the master template file (which
is usually located in the directory specified with -I) used by cpp.
The default is Imake.tmpl.
-f filename
This option specifies the name of the per-directory input file.
The default is Imakefile.
-s filename
This option specifies the name of the make description file to be
generated but make should not be invoked. If the filename is a
dash (-), the output is written to stdout. The default is to gen-
erate, but not execute, a Makefile.
-e This option indicates the imake should execute the generated
Makefile. The default is to leave this to the user.
-v This option indicates that imake should print the cpp command line
that it is using to generate the Makefile.
HOW IT WORKS
Imake invokes cpp with any -I or -D flags passed on the command line and
passes it the following 3 lines:
#define IMAKE_TEMPLATE "Imake.tmpl"
#define INCLUDE_IMAKEFILE "Imakefile"
#include IMAKE_TEMPLATE
where Imake.tmpl and Imakefile may be overridden by the -T and -f command
options, respectively. If the Imakefile contains any lines beginning with
a '#' character that is not followed by a cpp directive (#include, #define,
#undef, #ifdef, #else, #endif, or #if), imake will make a temporary
makefile in which the '#' lines are prepended with the string ``/**/'' (so
that cpp will copy the line into the Makefile as a comment).
The Imakefile reads in file containing machine-dependent parameters (speci-
fied as cpp symbols), a site-specific parameters file, a file containing
cpp macro functions for generating make rules, and finally the Imakefile
(specified by INCLUDE_IMAKEFILE) in the current directory. The Imakefile
uses the macro functions to indicate what targets should be built; imake
takes care of generating the appropriate rules.
The rules file (usually named Imake.rules in the configuration directory)
contains a variety of cpp macro functions that are configured according to
the current platform. Imake replaces any occurrences of the string ``@@''
with a newline to allow macros that generate more than one line of make
rules. For example, the macro
#define program_target(program, objlist) @@\
program: objlist @@\
$(CC) -o $@ objlist $(LDFLAGS)
when called with program_target(foo, foo1.o foo2.o) will expand to
foo: foo1.o foo2.o
$(CC) -o $@ foo1.o foo2.o $(LDFLAGS)
On systems whose cpp reduces multiple tabs and spaces to a single space,
imake attempts to put back any necessary tabs (make is very picky about the
difference between tabs and spaces). For this reason, colons (:) in com-
mand lines must be preceded by a backslash (\).
USE WITH THE X WINDOW SYSTEM
The X Window System uses imake extensively, for both full builds within the
source tree and external software. As mentioned above, two special vari-
ables, TOPDIR and CURDIR set to make referencing files using relative path
names easier. For example, the following command is generated automati-
cally to build the Makefile in the directory lib/X/ (relative to the top of
the sources):
% ../.././config/imake -I../.././config \
-DTOPDIR=../../. -DCURDIR=./lib/X
When building X programs outside the source tree, a special symbol UseIn-
stalled is defined and TOPDIR and CURDIR are omitted. If the configuration
files have been properly installed, the script xmkmf(1) may be used to
specify the proper options:
% xmkmf
The command make Makefiles can then be used to generate Makefiles in any
subdirectories.
FILES
/usr/tmp/tmp-imake.nnnnnn temporary input file for cpp
/usr/tmp/tmp-make.nnnnnn temporary input file for make
/lib/cpp default C preprocessor
SEE ALSO
make(1)
S. I. Feldman Make - A Program for Maintaining Computer Programs
ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
The following environment variables may be set, however their use is not
recommended as they introduce dependencies that are not readily apparent
when imake is run:
IMAKEINCLUDE
If defined, this should be a valid include argument for the C prepro-
cessor. E.g. ``-I/usr/include/local''. Actually, any valid cpp argu-
ment will work here.
IMAKECPP
If defined, this should be a valid path to a preprocessor program.
E.g. ``/usr/local/cpp''. By default, imake will use /lib/cpp.
IMAKEMAKE
If defined, this should be a valid path to a make program. E.g.
``/usr/local/make''. By default, imake will use whatever make program
is found using execvp(3).
BUGS
Comments should be preceded by ``/**/#'' to protect them from cpp.
AUTHOR
Todd Brunhoff, Tektronix and MIT Project Athena; Jim Fulton, MIT X Consor-
tium